Contents For Literature And Visual Arts

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Program for Polygon Clipping Using c

Program for Polygon Clipping Using c 

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void clip(float,float,float);
int i,j=0,n;
int rx1,rx2,ry1,ry2;
float x1[8],y1[8];
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int i,n;
float x[8],y[8],m;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
printf("coordinates for rectangle : ");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&rx1,&ry1,&rx2,&ry2);
printf("no. of sides for polygon : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("coordinates : ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%f%f",&x[i],&y[i]);
}
cleardevice();
outtextxy(10,10,"Before clipping");
outtextxy(10,470,"Press any key....");
rectangle(rx1,ry1,rx2,ry2);
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
line(x[i],y[i],x[i+1],y[i+1]);
line(x[i],y[i],x[0],y[0]);
getch();
cleardevice();
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
m=(y[i+1]-y[i])/(x[i+1]-x[i]);
clip(x[i],y[i],m);
clip(x[i+1],y[i+1],m);
}
m=(y[i]-y[0])/(x[i]-x[0]);
clip(x[i],y[i],m);
clip(x[0],y[0],m);
outtextxy(10,10,"After clipping");
outtextxy(10,470,"Press any key....");
rectangle(rx1,ry1,rx2,ry2);
for(i=0;i<j-1;i++)
line(x1[i],y1[i],x1[i+1],y1[i+1]);
getch();
}

void clip(float e,float f,float m)
{
while(e<rx1 || e>rx2 || f<ry1 || f>ry2)
{
if(e<rx1)
{
f+=m*(rx1-e);
e=rx1;
}
else if(e>rx2)
{
f+=m*(rx2-e);
e=rx2;
}
if(f<ry1)
{
e+=(ry1-f)/m;
f=ry1;
}
else if(f>ry2)
{
e+=(ry2-f)/m;
f=ry2;
}
}
x1[j]=e;
y1[j]=f;
j++;
}

Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm in C Program

Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm in C Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void clip(float,float,float);
int i,j=0,n;
int rx1,rx2,ry1,ry2;
float x1[8],y1[8];
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int i,n;
float x[8],y[8],m;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
printf("coordinates for rectangle : ");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&rx1,&ry1,&rx2,&ry2);
printf("no. of sides for polygon : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("coordinates : ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%f%f",&x[i],&y[i]);
}
cleardevice();
outtextxy(10,10,"Before clipping");
outtextxy(10,470,"Press any key....");
rectangle(rx1,ry1,rx2,ry2);
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
line(x[i],y[i],x[i+1],y[i+1]);
line(x[i],y[i],x[0],y[0]);
getch();
cleardevice();
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
m=(y[i+1]-y[i])/(x[i+1]-x[i]);
clip(x[i],y[i],m);
}
clip(x[0],y[0],m);
outtextxy(10,10,"After clipping");
outtextxy(10,470,"Press any key....");
rectangle(rx1,ry1,rx2,ry2);
for(i=0;i<j-1;i++)
line(x1[i],y1[i],x1[i+1],y1[i+1]);
getch();
}

void clip(float e,float f,float m)
{
while(e<rx1 e>rx2 f<ry1 f>ry2)
{
if(e<rx1)
{
f+=m*(rx1-e);
e=rx1;
}
else if(e>rx2)
{
f+=m*(rx2-e);
e=rx1;
}
if(f<ry1)
{
e+=(ry1-f)/m;
f=ry1;
}
else if(f>ry2)
{
e+=(ry2-f)/m;
f=ry2;
}
x1[j]=e;
y1[j]=f;
j++;
}
}

OUTPUT
Enter the x1 & y1 coordinates:
X1 : 70
Y1 : 80
Enter the x2 & y2 coordinates:
X2 : 250
Y2 : 280

Rotation of Circle


#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<iostream.h>
main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,x=295,y=222,a,j,i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..//bgi");
setcolor(14);
outtextxy(x-60,y,"FIRST SOFT TECH");
while(!kbhit())
{
i++;

delay(1);
setcolor(16);
circle(x+(200*cos(i)),y+(200*sin(i)),8);
setcolor(10);
circle(x+(200*cos(i+40)),y+(200*sin(i+40)),8);
//set2
setcolor(16);
circle(x+(160*sin(i)),y+(160*cos(i)),7); //anti clockwise:-sin,cosinterchanged
circle(x+(160*sin(i)),y+(160*cos(i)),5);
setcolor(i);
circle(x+(160*sin(i+40)),y+(160*cos(i+40)),7);
circle(x+(160*sin(i+40)),y+(160*cos(i+40)),5);

setcolor(16);
circle(x+(120*sin(i)),y+(120*cos(i)),6);//anti clockwise:-sin,cosinterchanged
setcolor(12);
circle(x+(120*sin(i+40)),y+(120*cos(i+40)),6);

setcolor(16);
circle(x+(90*cos(i)),y+(90*sin(i)),5);
setcolor(i);
circle(x+(90*cos(i+40)),y+(90*sin(i+40)),5);
}
getch();
return 0;
}

Shearing of 2D object


#include"2dframe.CPP"
#include<iostream.h>

void shear_rectangle(int ,int,int ,int ,float );
void main()
{
    int gd=DETECT,gm;
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
    cout<<"\nEnter Your 2D-Frame Length:\n";
    cout<<"\nANY VALUE  BETWEEN 1000 - 30000:";
    cin>>frame_length;
    int x_start=0,y_start=0,length_x,breadth_y;
    cout<<"\nEnter the Start point of the rectangle\n";
    cin>>x_start>>y_start;
    cout<<"\nEnter length,breadth of Rectagle:\n";
    cin>>length_x ;
    cin>>breadth_y;
    DRAW2DFRAME();
    //CREATE THE RECTANGLE
    rectangle2d(x_start,y_start,length_x,breadth_y);
    getch();
    cleardevice();
    float sh;
    cout<<"\nFor this Rectangle : ";
    cout<<"\nMAX Range Of Shear factor along Y-axis=0.0 TO\t ";
    cout<<(frame_length/breadth_y);
    cout<<"\nEnter the shear factors:sh\n";
    cin>>sh;
    DRAW2DFRAME();
    outtextxy(25,40,"Before Shear");
    rectangle2d(x_start,y_start,length_x,breadth_y);
    getch();
    DRAW2DFRAME();
    outtextxy(25,40,"After Shear");
    shear_rectangle(x_start,y_start,length_x,breadth_y,sh);
    getch();
    closegraph();

}

void shear_rectangle
(int x,int y,int length_x,int breadth_y,float sh)
{
     int arr1[2],arr2[2],arr3[2],arr4[2];
     int X1,Y1,X2,Y2;
     int x1,y1,x2,y2;
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     x1=x,y1=y;
     x2=x1,y2=y1+breadth_y;
     shear_point_Y(x1,y1,sh);
     X1=P1[0][0];
     Y1=P1[0][1];
     shear_point_Y(x2,y2,sh);
     X2=P1[0][0];
     Y2=P1[0][1];
     line2d(X1,Y1,X2,Y2,arr1,arr2,YELLOW);
     //*******************************************************************
     //*******************************************************************
     x1=x+length_x;y1=y;
     x2=x+length_x,y2=y+breadth_y;
     shear_point_Y(x1,y1,sh);
     X1=P1[0][0];
     Y1=P1[0][1];
     shear_point_Y(x2,y2,sh);
     X2=P1[0][0];
     Y2=P1[0][1];
     line2d(X1,Y1,X2,Y2,arr1,arr2,GREEN);
     //****************************************************************
     //****************************************************************
     x1=x,y1=y;
     x2=x+length_x,y2=y1;
     shear_point_Y(x1,y1,sh);
     X1=P1[0][0];
     Y1=P1[0][1];
     shear_point_Y(x2,y2,sh);
     X2=P1[0][0];
     Y2=P1[0][1];
     line2d(X1,Y1,X2,Y2,arr1,arr2,LIGHTBLUE);
     //*******************************************************************
     //*******************************************************************
     x1=x,y1=y+breadth_y;
     x2=x+length_x,y2=y+breadth_y;
     shear_point_Y(x1,y1,sh);
     X1=P1[0][0];
     Y1=P1[0][1];
     shear_point_Y(x2,y2,sh);
     X2=P1[0][0];
     Y2=P1[0][1];
     line2d(X1,Y1,X2,Y2,arr1,arr2,MAGENTA);
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     //******************************************************************
     //******************************************************************
}

To perform 2D transformations such as translation, scaling, and  rotation  on 2D object

ALGORITHM:

1.      Start

2.      Initialize the graphics mode.

3.      Construct a 2D object  (use Drawpoly()) e.g. (x,y)

4.      A) Translation

a.       Get the translation value tx, ty

b.      Move the 2d object with tx, ty (x’=x+tx,y’=y+ty)

c.       Plot (x’,y’)

5.      B)  Scaling

a.       Get the scaling value Sx,Sy

b.       Resize the object with Sx,Sy  (x’=x*Sx,y’=y*Sy)

c.       Plot (x’,y’)

6.      C) Rotation

a.       Get the Rotation angle

b.      Rotate the object by the angle ф

                    x’=x cos ф -  y sin ф

                                      y’=x sin ф  - y cosф  

c.       Plot (x’,y’)

PROGRAM:

#include <graphics.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main()

{

            int gm;

            int gd=DETECT;

            int x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,nx1,nx2,nx3,ny1,ny2,ny3,c;

            int sx,sy,xt,yt,r;

            float t;

            initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\tc\bg:");

            printf("\t Program for basic transactions");

            printf("\n\t Enter the points of triangle");

            setcolor(1);

            scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2,&x3,&y3);

            line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

            line(x2,y2,x3,y3);

            line(x3,y3,x1,y1);

            getch();

            printf("\n 1.Transaction\n 2.Rotation\n 3.Scalling\n 4.exit");

            printf("Enter your choice:");

            scanf("%d",&c);

            switch(c)

            {

                        case 1:

                                    printf("\n Enter the translation factor");

                                    scanf("%d%d",&xt,&yt);

                                    nx1=x1+xt;

                                    ny1=y1+yt;

                                    nx2=x2+xt;

                                    ny2=y2+yt;

                                    nx3=x3+xt;

                                    ny3=y3+yt;

                                    line(nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2);

                                    line(nx2,ny2,nx3,ny3);

                                    line(nx3,ny3,nx1,ny1);

                                    getch();

                        case 2:

                                    printf("\n Enter the angle of rotation");

                                    scanf("%d",&r);

                                    t=3.14*r/180;

                                    nx1=abs(x1*cos(t)-y1*sin(t));

                                    ny1=abs(x1*sin(t)+y1*cos(t));

                                    nx2=abs(x2*cos(t)-y2*sin(t));

                                    ny2=abs(x2*sin(t)+y2*cos(t));

                                    nx3=abs(x3*cos(t)-y3*sin(t));

                                    ny3=abs(x3*sin(t)+y3*cos(t));

                                    line(nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2);

                                    line(nx2,ny2,nx3,ny3);

                                    line(nx3,ny3,nx1,ny1);

                                    getch();

                        case 3:

                                    printf("\n Enter the scalling factor");

                                    scanf("%d%d",&sx,&sy);

                                    nx1=x1*sx;

                                    ny1=y2*sy;

                                    nx2=x2*sx;

                                    ny2=y2*sy;

                                    nx3=x3*sx;

                                    ny3=y3*sy;

                                    line(nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2);

                                    line(nx2,ny2,nx3,ny3);

                                    line(nx3,ny3,nx1,ny1);

                                    getch();

                        case 4:

                                    break;

                        default:

                                    printf("Enter the correct choice");

                                    }

                                    closegraph();

                                    }

BOUNDARY FILL PROGRAM IN C

BOUNDARY FILL PROGRAM IN C

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>

void boundaryfill(int,int,int,int);
int main()
{
  int xc,yc,r,fc,bc;
  int gd=DETECT,gm;
  initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
  printf("\n\n Enter xc:");
  scanf("%d",&xc);
  printf("\n\n Enter yc:");
  scanf("%d",&yc);
  printf("\n\n Enter r:");
  scanf("%d",&r);
  setcolor(8);
  circle(xc,yc,r);
  printf("\n\n Enter fill color:");
  scanf("%d",&fc);
  printf("\n\n Enter Boundary Color");
  scanf("%d",&bc);
 
  boundaryfill(xc,yc,fc,bc);
  getch();
  closegraph();
  return 0;
}



void boundaryfill(int x1,int y1,int fc1,int bc1)
{
  int current;
  current=getpixel(x1,y1);
  printf("\n\n %d",current);
  if((current !=bc1) && (current != fc1))
  {
     setcolor(fc1);
     putpixel(x1,y1,9);
     boundaryfill(x1+1,y1,fc1,bc1);
     boundaryfill(x1-1,y1,fc1,bc1);
     boundaryfill(x1,y1+1,fc1,bc1);
     boundaryfill(x1,y1-1,fc1,bc1);
   }
}

FLOODFILL PROGRAM IN C



#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>

void fill_right(x,y)
int x , y ;
{
if(getpixel(x,y) == 0)
{
putpixel(x,y,RED);
fill_right(++x,y);
x = x - 1 ;
fill_right(x,y-1);
fill_right(x,y+1);

}
}

void fill_left(x,y)
int x , y ;
{
if(getpixel(x,y) == 0)
{
putpixel(x,y,RED);

fill_left(--x,y);
x = x + 1 ;
fill_left(x,y-1);
fill_left(x,y+1);

}
}


void main()
{
int x , y ,a[10][10];
int gd, gm ,n,i;

detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");

printf("\n\n\tEnter the no. of edges of polygon : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n\n\tEnter the cordinates of polygon :\n\n\n ");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\tX%d Y%d : ",i,i);
scanf("%d %d",&a[i][0],&a[i][1]);
}

a[n][0]=a[0][0];
a[n][1]=a[0][1];

printf("\n\n\tEnter the seed pt. : ");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);


cleardevice();
setcolor(WHITE);

for(i=0;i<n;i++) /*- draw poly -*/
{
line(a[i][0],a[i][1],a[i+1][0],a[i+1][1]);
}

fill_right(x,y);
fill_left(x-1,y);

getch();
}

/*SAMPLE INPUT*/
/*Enter the number of edges of polygon 4

X0 Y0 = 50 50
X1 Y1 = 200 50
X2 Y2 = 200 300
X3 Y3 = 50 300

Enter the seed point 100 100*/

Mid-Point Ellipse Drawing Program in C

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <dos.h>

int main(void)
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int cenx,ceny;
float Pk,a,b,x,y;
clrscr();

printf("\n\n Enter 'a' and 'b': ");
scanf("%f%f",&a,&b);

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");


cenx=getmaxx()/2;
ceny=getmaxy()/2;

Pk=b*b-b*a*a+0.25*a*a;
x=0;
y=b;
putpixel(cenx+x,ceny+y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx+x,ceny-y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx-x,ceny+y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx-x,ceny-y,WHITE);

while (2*x*b*b <= 2*y*a*a)
{
if (Pk<0)
{
x=x+1;
y=y;
Pk=Pk+2*x*b*b+3*b*b;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
Pk=Pk+2*x*b*b+3*b*b-2*y*a*a+2*a*a;
}
putpixel(cenx+x,ceny+y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx+x,ceny-y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx-x,ceny+y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx-x,ceny-y,WHITE);
delay(40);
}


Pk=(x+0.5)*(x+0.5)*b*b+(y-1)*(y-1)*a*a-a*a*b*b;
putpixel(cenx+x,ceny+y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx+x,ceny-y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx-x,ceny+y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx-x,ceny-y,WHITE);
while (y>0)
{
if (Pk>0)
{
x=x;
y=y-1;
Pk=Pk-2*y*a*a+3*a*a;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
Pk=Pk-2*y*a*a+3*a*a+2*x*b*b+2*b*b;
}
putpixel(cenx+x,ceny+y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx+x,ceny-y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx-x,ceny+y,WHITE);
putpixel(cenx-x,ceny-y,WHITE);
delay(40);
}
gotoxy(1,25);
printf ("\npress any key to exit.");
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
/*SAMPLE INPUT*/

/*Enter 'a' and 'b' 120 80*/

Midpoint Circle Drawing Program in C

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>

void midptcircle(int xcen,int ycen,int radius)
{
int x=0;
int y=radius;
int p=1-radius;
void plotpoints(int,int,int,int);
plotpoints(xcen,ycen,x,y);
while(x<y)
{
x++;
if(p<0)
p+=2*x+1;
else
{
y--;
p+=2*(x-y)+1;
}
plotpoints(xcen,ycen,x,y);
}
}

void plotpoints(int xcen,int ycen,int x,int y)
{
putpixel(xcen+x,ycen+y,RED);
putpixel(xcen-x,ycen+y,RED);
putpixel(xcen+x,ycen-y,RED);
putpixel(xcen-x,ycen-y,RED);
putpixel(xcen+y,ycen+x,RED);
putpixel(xcen-y,ycen+x,RED);
putpixel(xcen+y,ycen-x,RED);
putpixel(xcen-y,ycen-x,RED);
}

int main()
{
int xcen,ycen,radius;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
clrscr();

printf("Enter centre of circle: ");
scanf("%d%d",&xcen,&ycen);
printf("\nEnter radius: ");
scanf("%d",&radius);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
midptcircle(xcen,ycen,radius);
getch();
return 0;
}

BRESENHAMS CIRCLE DRAWING USING C

# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>
# include<graphics.h>
# include<math.h>

void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int r,x,y,p,xc=320,yc=240;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TC\\BGI");
cleardevice();


printf("Enter the radius ");
scanf("%d",&r);


x=0;
y=r;
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,1);

p=3-(2*r);

for(x=0;x<=y;x++)
{
if (p<0)
{
y=y;
p=(p+(4*x)+6);
}
else
{
y=y-1;

p=p+((4*(x-y)+10));
}

putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,1);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,2);
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,3);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,4);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,5);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,6);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,7);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,8);

}
getch();
closegraph();
}

BRESENHAMS LINE DRAWING USING C

# include <stdio.h>

# include <conio.h>

# include <graphics.h>

void main()

{

int dx,dy,x,y,p,x1,y1,x2,y2;

int gd,gm;

clrscr();

printf("\n\n\tEnter the co-ordinates of first point : ");

scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);

printf("\n\n\tEnter the co-ordinates of second point : ");

scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);

dx = (x2 - x1);

dy = (y2 - y1);

p = 2 * (dy) - (dx);

x = x1;

y = y1;

detectgraph(&gd,&gm);

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"e:\\tc\\bgi");

putpixel(x,y,WHITE);

while(x <= x2)

{

if(p < 0)

{

x=x+1;

y=y;

p = p + 2 * (dy);

}

else

{

x=x+1;

y=y+1;

p = p + 2 * (dy - dx);

}

putpixel(x,y,WHITE);

}

getch();

closegraph();

}

DDA LINE DRAWING USING C

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void DDA(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int col,int del);
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,x1,x2,y1,y2;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
printf("Enter (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) : ");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);
DDA(x1,y1,x2,y2,14,20);
getch();
closegraph();
}
void DDA(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int col,int del)
{
int dx,dy,s,i,xi,yi,x,y;
x=x1,y=y1;
dx=x2-x1;
dy=y2-y1;
if(dx>dy)
s=dx;
else
s=dy;
xi=dx/s;
yi=dy/s;
putpixel(x,y,col);
for(i=0;i<s;i++)
{
x+=xi;
y+=yi;

putpixel(x,y,col);

delay(del);

}

}

 Inter-school Sports events

venue:

Login to your UMS

8085 Simulator

The link contains all the ebooks for 6th Sem

Sports Meet Event On 9th and 10th of Feb..
Give your name to the faculties according to your choices..

click on the link..
IP's for every subject..

Ramesh Gaonkar- microprocessor
This is the ebook for microprocessor..download it for your references

6th SEM

All the upcoming events as well as the materials will be uploaded shortly....!